INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION FOR STANDARDISATION

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

The Joint Technical Committee of ISO and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) are working on developing standards for AI. So far, the committee has published the following four standards on AI:

• ISO/IEC 20546:2019 provides terminology for big data-related standards
• ISO/IEC 20547-3:2020 outlines big data reference architecture
• ISO/IEC TR 20547-2:2018 gives examples of big data use cases with application domains and technical considerations derived from the contributed use cases
• ISO/IEC TR 20547-5:2018 describes existing and future big data relevant standards

Twelve other standards are currently being developed on AI.

The committee also provides guidance to various ISO and IEC committees that develop AI applications.

ISO’s work on standardisation in this area could impact governmental frameworks on standards and how governments use AI technologies, including in the military and defence sector.

BLOCKCHAIN

ISO has published one standard on blockchain technologies and distributed ledger technologies. ISO/TR23455:2019 gives an overview of smart contracts in blockchain and distributed ledger technologies. Ten other ISO standards are currently being developed.

ISO’s work on standardisation in this area could impact how government agencies use blockchain technologies.

INTERNET OF THINGS

The Joint Technical Committee of ISO and the IEC are working on developing standards for IoT. So far, the committee has published the following 21 standards on IoT:

• ISO/IEC 19637:2016 on sensor network testing frameworks
• ISO/IEC 20005:2013 on services and interfaces supporting collaborative information processing in intelligent sensor networks
• ISO/IEC 20924:2018 on IoT terminology
• ISO/IEC 21823-1:2019 on interoperability as it applies to IoT systems and a framework for interoperability for IoT systems
• ISO/IEC TR 22417:2017 on IoT scenarios and use cases based on real-world applications and requirements
• ISO/IEC TR 22560:2017 on the design of an active air-flow control (AFC) system for commercial aircraft based on a dense deployment of wired and wireless sensor and actuator networks
• ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013 on the characteristics of a sensor network and the organisation of the entities that comprise such a network
• ISO/IEC 29182-2:2013 on the development of international standards in sensor networks
• ISO/IEC 29182-3:2014 on Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA)
• ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013 on Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) and entity models
• ISO/IEC 29182-5:2013 on Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) and interface definitions
• ISO/IEC 29182-6:2014 on a a compilation of sensor network applications for which International Standardized Profiles (ISPs) are needed
• ISO/IEC 29182-7:2015 on guidelines for achieving interoperability between sensor network services and related entities in a heterogeneous sensor network
• ISO/IEC 30101:2014 on sensor networks that support smart grid technologies for power generation, distribution, networks, energy storage, load efficiency, control and communications, and associated environmental challenges
• ISO/IEC 30128:2014 on the Generic Sensor Network Application Interface
• ISO/IEC 30140-1:2018 on underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASN)
• ISO/IEC 30140-2:2017 on reference architecture views in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASN)
• ISO/IEC 30140-3:2018 on general requirements, reference architecture, and high-level interface guidelines supporting interoperability among underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs)
• ISO/IEC 30140-4:2018 on interoperability requirements among entities within a UWASN, and among various UWASNs
• ISO/IEC 30141:2018 on IoT in general
• ISO/IEC TR 30148:2019 on the technical requirements and application of sensor networks for wireless gas meters

Eleven other ISO standards are currently being developed on IoT-related issues.

The joint committee also provides guidance to various ISO and IEC committees that develop IoT applications.

In addition to the work of the joint committee, ISO has also developed a standard for sustainable cities and communities (ISO 37122:2019).

ISO’s work on standardisation in this area is likely to impact how governments use IoT technologies and how they frame policies for IoT-related security.

ROBOTICS

The following 20 ISO standards have been published on robotics:

1. ISO 8373:2012 on the terminology used in relation with robots and robotic devices operating in industrial and non-industrial environments
2. ISO 9283:1998 on manipulating industrial robots and performance criteria, and related test methods
3. ISO 9409-1:2004 on the main dimensions, designation, and marking for a circular plate as a mechanical interface
4. ISO 9409-2:2002 on the main dimensions, designation, and marking for a shaft with cylindrical projection as mechanical interface
5. ISO 9787:2013 on robot coordinate systems
6. ISO 9946:1999 on manipulating industrial robots
7. ISO 10218-1:2011 on the requirements and guidelines for the inherent safe design, protective measures, and information for use of industrial robots
8. ISO 10218-2:2011 on basic hazards and hazardous situations identified with these systems, and the requirements to eliminate or adequately reduce the risks associated with these hazards
9. ISO 11593:1996 on terms relevant to automatic end effector exchange systems used for manipulating industrial robots
10. ISO/TR 13309:1995 an informative guide on test equipment and metrology methods of operation for robot performance evaluation in accordance with ISO 9283
11. ISO 13482:2014 on safety requirements for personal care robots
12. ISO 14539:2000 on manipulating industrial robots i.e. object handling with grasp-type grippers
13. ISO/TS 15066:2016 on collaborative robots
14. ISO 18646-1:2016 on performance criteria and related test methods for service robots, locomotion for wheeled robots
15. ISO 18646-2:2019 on methods of specifying and evaluating the navigation performance of mobile service robots
16. ISO 19649:2017 on terms relating to mobile robots that travel on a solid surface and that operate in both industrial robot and service robot applications
17. ISO/TR 20218-1:2018 on safety measures for the design and integration of end-effectors used for robot systems
18. ISO/TR 20218-2:2017 on robot systems for manual load/unload applications in which a hazard zone is safeguarded by preventing access to it
19. ISO/TR 23482-1:2020 on methods that can be used to test personal care robots in terms of safety requirements defined in ISO 13482
20. ISO/TR 23482-2:2019 on guidance on the use of ISO 13482; intended to facilitate the design of personal care robots in conformity with ISO 13482
21. IEC/TR 60601-4-1:2017 on medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems employing a degree of autonomy
22. IEC 80601-2-77:2019 on particular requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of robotically assisted surgical equipment
23. IEC 80601-2-78:2019 on particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of medical robots for rehabilitation, assessment, compensation or alleviation

Eight additional ISO standards are currently being developed on robotics.

ISO’s work on standardisation in this area could impact governmental frameworks on standards and how governments use robotics technologies, including in the military and defence sector.

AUGMENTED/VIRTUAL REALITY

ISO is working on developing standards for augmented and virtual reality, such as:

• ISO/IEC 23000-13:2017 on augmented reality application format
• ISO/IEC 18039:2019 on a mixed and augmented reality reference model
• ISO/IEC 14772-2:2004 on an external authoring interface for virtual reality modeling language

ISO’s work on standardisation in this area could impact how government agencies use virtual and augmented reality technologies, including in the military and defence sector.